PRACTICE

AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based

Attempt a question, check your answer, then follow the working.

Unit Topic Subtopic Question type Difficulty My progress

112 matching questions · Page 1 of 12

MCQ · Hard · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.1 · Model selection

A student proposes a model for thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes. Which statement provides the strongest physics or statistical justification?

AThe model is valid whenever a calculator produces a result.BThe model is valid because uncertainty can be ignored.Cthe first law relates internal-energy change to energy transferred by heating and workDThe conclusion follows because the variables have the same numerical value.

MCQ · Hard · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.10 · Principle evaluation

A classmate states: ‘the first law relates internal-energy change to energy transferred by heating and work.’ Which response best evaluates the statement?

AIt can be tested only by memorizing a definition.BIt is useful only if the quantities, system or population, and conditions are identified.CIt is universally valid without conditions.DIt is false because scientific and statistical laws never use models.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.11 · Residual analysis

Which observation would provide the clearest evidence that a chosen model for thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes is inadequate?

AResiduals or deviations show a consistent pattern larger than expected uncertainty.BThe data contain units.CThe title of the graph is brief.DTwo values happen to be equal.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.12 · Scientific conclusion

What is the best final sentence in a response about thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes?

AThe calculation is finished, so assumptions do not matter.BTherefore, under the stated conditions, the evidence supports the result; the principal limitation is the identified uncertainty or model assumption.CTherefore the result applies to every possible system.DTherefore the answer is obvious.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.2 · Assumptions

Which response best describes what must be established before using a system boundary and an energy-accounting model?

AThat every observation has zero uncertainty.BOnly that all measured values are positive.CA system boundary and an energy-accounting model.DThat the graph passes through the origin regardless of theory.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.3 · Quality control

A result from a study of thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes conflicts with the governing model. What is the best first action?

ADelete the result without recording it.BChange the model until it agrees with every point.CCheck the measurement, assumptions, and uncertainty before deciding whether the result is anomalous.DAverage the result with zero.

MCQ · Hard · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.4 · Claim and evidence

Which explanation most clearly connects evidence to a claim about thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes?

AThe measured trend agrees with the predicted relationship within uncertainty, so the evidence supports the claim over the tested range.BThe largest recorded value proves the claim for every possible case.CThe claim is correct because the axes use standard units.DThe claim is correct because it is familiar.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.5 · Representations

When translating a result about thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes to another representation, which approach is most reliable?

AReplace the data by a single unlabeled sketch.BUse the same symbol for every quantity.CConnect a p-v representation to work and internal-energy change.DKeep the shape but remove all units and directions.

MCQ · Medium · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.6 · Domain

Which feature would most weaken a conclusion about thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes?

AAn independently calibrated instrument.BRepeated trials that agree within uncertainty.CA model derived from the relevant conservation or inference conditions.DA conclusion that extends far beyond the measured domain without justification.

MCQ · Hard · 1 pointCalculator: allowed

Unit 9 · thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes · 9.7 · Method comparison

Two methods are used to analyze thermal energy, ideal gases, and thermodynamic processes. Method 1 states assumptions; Method 2 reports more decimal places but no assumptions. Which judgment is best?

AMethod 2 must be better because it has more digits.BMethod 1 is more defensible because validity depends on assumptions as well as arithmetic precision.CBoth methods are automatically equivalent.DNeither method can ever be evaluated.